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ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of alcohol extract of Oroxylum indicum （MHD-80） on reducing uric acid （UA） and protecting the kidney in the hyperuricemia （HUA） model in vivo. MethodPotassium oxazine （350 mg·kg-1） and adenine （80 mg·kg-1） were used to construct an HUA model of mice in vivo to evaluate the mechanism related to UA reduction and the protective effect of renal function of MHD-80. Seventy male ICR mice were randomly divided into seven groups， including the normal group， model group， allopurinol group （5 mg·kg-1）， febusotan group （5 mg·kg-1）， and MHD-80 low-， medium-， and high-dose groups （3， 6， 12 mg·kg-1）， with 10 in each group. Except for the normal group， the other groups were given intragastric administration of potassium oxazine and adenine for 14 consecutive days to establish the HUA model. On the 8th to 14th day after modeling， each group was given corresponding drugs by intragastric administration， once a day. 1 h after the last administration， blood was collected from the eyeballs， and kidney and liver tissues of mice were collected. Serum levels of UA， urea nitrogen （BUN）， and creatinine （Cr） and liver activity of xanthine oxidase （XOD） were determined by enzyme colorimetry. Serum contents of tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） and interleukin-1β （IL-1β） were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. Hematoxilin-eosin （HE） staining was used to observe the pathological changes in kidney tissues. The protein expression levels of ATP-binding box transporter G2 （ABCG2） and glucose-facilitating transporter 9 （GLUT9） in kidney tissues were detected by Western blot. ResultIn vivo experiment shows that compared with the normal group， the serum levels of UA， Cr， BUN， inflammatory factors TNF-α， IL-1β， and liver XOD activity in the serum of mice in the model group were significantly increased （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and the expression of GLUT9 in kidney tissues was significantly up-regulated （P<0.05）. ABCG2 protein expression was significantly down-regulated （P<0.05）， and renal injury was obvious. Compared with the model group， the levels of UA， BUN， Cr， TNF-α， IL-1β， and liver XOD activity in the serum of mice in the high-dose group of MHD-80 were decreased to different degrees （P<0.05， P<0.01）， GLUT9 protein expression was significantly down-regulated （P<0.01）， ABCG2 protein expression was significantly up-regulated （P<0.05） in the high-dose group of MHD-80， and the degree of renal injury was reduced. ConclusionMHD-80 has certain uric acid reduction， anti-inflammatory， and anti-renal injury effects， which are related to inhibiting XOD activity and regulating the expression of ABCG2 and GLUT9 uric acid transporter.
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Objective: To investigate the effect of Oroxylum indicum fruit extract on high-fat diet-induced hyperlipidemic mice. Methods: The phytochemical composition of Oroxylum indicum fruit extract was determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Forty-two male mice were used. The mice were divided into six groups: normal control, high-fat diet control, simvastatin treatment (20 mg/kg BW/day), and Oroxylum indicum fruit extract (100, 200, 300 mg/kg BW/day) treatment groups. Food intake, body weight, serum parameters, lipid profile, and histopathological lesions of the kidney, liver, and epididymal fat were observed. Results: LC-MS/MS results revealed four major components of Oroxylum indicum fruit extract: luteolin, apigenin, baicalein, and oroxylin A. Twenty-seven volatile oils were identified from Oroxylum indicum fruit extract. Daily oral administration of Oroxylum indicum fruit extract at 100 to 300 mg/kg BW/day significantly reduced the body weight, total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level (P<0.05), whereas high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was higher than the high-fat diet control group. Treatment with 300 mg/kg BW/day Oroxylum indicum fruit extract reduced the pathological lesion and prevented fat accumulation in the kidney and liver. Conclusions: Oroxylum indicum fruit extract has hypolipidemic effect in hyperlipidemic mice, and the active ingredients of Oroxylum indicum fruit extract, both flavonoids and volatile oils, should be further explored as an antihyperlipidemic agent.
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In this study, we investigated how Oroxylum indicum leaf and fruit extracts affect the viability and migration of MCF-7 breast cancer cells and the mechanisms of action responsible for these effects. MCF-7 cells treated with the extracts were examined using the sulforhodamine B, colony formation and caspase 3 activity assays, and by Western blotting. O. indicum extracts were found to inhibit MCF-7 cell growth in a concentration-and time-dependent manner, with 48 h IC50 values of 57.02 ± 2.85μg/mL and 131.3 ± 19.2μg/mL for leaf and fruit extracts, respectively. Further, the O. indicum leaf extract caused a reduction in MCF-7 cell viability, induction of MCF-7 cell apoptosis and ROS formation, and an increase in caspase 3 activity. Also, the two extracts inhibited MCF-7 cell migration and reduced both MMP 9 and ICAMP1 gene expression and MMP9 protein expression. Additionally, O. indicum extracts greatly reduced expression of the cell cycle regulatory protein Rac1 in the mevalonate pathway. In summary, O. indicum leaf and fruit extracts reduce breast cancer cell growth, cell viability and cell migration. O. indicum constituents could, therefore, be useful for augmenting the activity of chemotherapeutic drugs employed to treat breast cancer.
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Background: Oroxylum indicum Vent., a Dasamula plant used in Ayurveda possesses antioxidantproperties.Objectives: To evaluate the cardioprotective effect of 70% methanolic extract of O. indicum Vent. root bark(OIM) against doxorubicin induced cardiomyopathy in female Sprague Dawley rats.Materials and methods: Cardiotoxicity was induced by intra-peritoneal injection of doxorubicin 30 mg/kg body weight (b.w.) for 4 consecutive days after a ten-day pre-treatment of animals with OIM at200 mg/kg b.w. and 400 mg/kg b.w (p.o.). Drug treatment continued up to day 14. Probucol, orallyadministered at a dose of 20 mg/kg b.w. served as standard. ECG was recorded. The animals weresacrificed on day 15 and comparative analysis of serum marker levels of creatine phosphokinase (CPK),lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), Serum Glutamate Oxaloacetate Transaminase (SGOT), Serum GlutamatePyruvate Transaminase (SGPT), tissue antioxidant status based on Superoxide Dismutase (SOD),Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx), reduced Glutathione (GSH) and lipid peroxidation (LPO) was carried out.Histopathological examination was carried out using hematoxylineeosin staining.Results: ECG records of OIM treated animals showed normal pattern, in comparison to the control withST depression and arrhythmia in cardiogram. Tissue antioxidant profile (SOD, GSH and GPx) wassignificantly (p < 0.01) elevated in the cardiac tissue of treated group in dose-dependent manner; lipidperoxidation level was found to decrease with treatment. Comparative analysis of serum markers e CPK,LDH, SGOT and SGPT e among untreated control, standard and extract treated groups revealed that OIMextract at 400 mg/kg b.w. dose significantly reduced the levels (p < 0.01). Histological analysis revealednormal myocardial architecture in OIM treated groups. HPTLC fingerprint of OIM revealed 8 bands anddetected the presence of chrysin, apigenin and quercetin.Conclusion: O. indicum root bark shows marked cardio-protective activity, possibly due to the presence ofantioxidant compounds acting synergistically.© 2017 Transdisciplinary University, Bangalore and World Ayurveda Foundation. Publishing Services byElsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
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Objective: To examine the proapoptotic properties of Oroxylum indicum methanol extract on cervical cancer cells. Methods: Methylene blue assay was used to determine the IC
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Objective: To examine the proapoptotic properties of Oroxylum indicum methanol extract on cervical cancer cells. Methods: Methylene blue assay was used to determine the IC50 value of the extract. Western blotting assays were done to analyze the expression of HPV oncoproteins (HPV18 E6 and E7) and apoptotic molecules (caspase-3 and caspase-8). Reverse transcriptase PCR assays were performed to determine genetic alteration of tumor suppressors p53 and pRb and apoptosis markers Fas and FasL. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was done to determine the expression of cytokine levels (IL-6 and IL-12). Results: The determination of IC50 value indicated a higher anti-proliferative activity of the extract compared to cisplatin. After 24 hours of treatment, Western blot analysis showed that treated HeLa cells exhibited a significant down-regulation of HPV18 oncoproteins E6 and E7, and a significant induction of caspase-8 and caspase-3 activation level. Meanwhile, the mRNA expressions of p53, pRb, Fas and FasL were significantly upregulated in treated cells. Moreover, ELISA showed an increased IL-12 and decreased IL-6 production after Oroxylum indicum treatment. Conclusions: The methanol extract of Oroxylum indicum has an anti-proliferative activity and proapoptotic potential. It induces localized-immunity improvements by altering cytokine production in HPV-positive cervical cancer cells.
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ABSTRACT Antioxidants from natural sources hold high values regarding their indispensible roles in the development of nutraceuticals, pharmaceuticals and cosmetic products. Oroxylum indicum L. is a common medicinal plant with a wide range of therapeutic properties, including a notable antioxidant potency that was reported, yet has not been subjected to more detailed studies. The present study evaluated the potency of Oroxylum indicum methanol stem bark extract, along with its hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol fractions, three flavones including baicalein, oroxylin A and chrysin using DPPH assay. In terms of IC50 values, the crude extract (65,48 µg/mL) exhibited moderate inhibitory activity which was as half potent as that of its ethyl acetate fraction (32,94 µg/mL). This fraction was also superior to the methanol and hexane fractions, as their IC50 were 57,19 and 137,95 µg/mL respectively. Remarkably, a yellow powdery sub-fraction consisted of isolated compounds showed powerful activity (32,89 µg/mL) compared to those of its components, revealing the intriguing effect of synergism while giving evidence for the theory of structure-activity relationship between some flavones and their antioxidant capability. Perpetual search for new radical scavenging agents in Oroxylum indicum is emboldened considering its partially exploited potential in this study
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Plant Extracts/analysis , Bignoniaceae/classification , Methanol/analysis , Antioxidants/adverse effects , In Vitro Techniques , Plant Stems/adverse effects , Inhibitory Concentration 50 , Plant Bark/adverse effects , FlavonesABSTRACT
Oroxylum indicum has long been used in Asian traditional medicine to prevent and treat respiratory diseases, diabetes, diarrhea and other conditions. Oroxylin A is a flavone that is present in Oroxylum indicum and in Scutellaria baicalensis. Because the root extracts of both plants have been shown to have anti-allergic effects, the authors investigated whether oroxylin A is likely to have beneficial effects on allergic asthma using female Balb/c mice and rat RBL-2H3 mast cells. Antigen-induced degranulation was measured in vitro by measuring β-hexosaminidase activity. A murine ovalbumin-induced allergic asthma model was used to test the in vivo efficacy of oroxylin A. Sensitization and challenge of ovalbumin induced allergic asthma responses, the accumulations of eosinophils and Th2 cytokine levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and lung tissues. Oroxylin A administration decreased numbers of inflammatory cells, especially eosinophils, and reduced the expression and secretion of Th2 cytokines, including IL-4 and IL-13, in lung tissues and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Histologic studies showed oroxylin A reduced inflammatory signs and mucin production in lungs. These findings provide evidence that oroxylin A has potential use as an anti-allergic therapeutic.
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Animals , Female , Humans , Mice , Rats , Asian People , Asthma , Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid , Cytokines , Diarrhea , Eosinophils , In Vitro Techniques , Interleukin-13 , Interleukin-4 , Lung , Mast Cells , Medicine, Traditional , Mucins , Ovalbumin , Scutellaria baicalensisABSTRACT
To prepare oroxylum indicum ( OLI) buccal tablets. Methods:The extract of oroxylum indicum as the main component, the buccal tablets were prepared using a wet granulation compression method. According to the results of single factor ex-periments, an orthogonal design was used to select the optimal formula based on the appearance, taste, disintegration time and friabili-ty. The average weight variation and average disintegration time were tested to evaluate the quality of three batches of the buccal tablets with the optimized formula. Results:The optimal formula was composed of 50%mannitol, 5%sucrose-stevioside (100∶1), 5% pep-permint oil and 35%PVP-K30-85% ethanol (6∶10). For the three batches of the buccal tablets with the optimized formula, the aver-age weight variation was (1. 83 ± 0. 29) % and the average disintegration time was(14. 7 ± 0. 6) min, which met the requirements of quality control on buccal tablets in Chinese pharmacopoeia. Conclusion:The optimal formula and process of OLI buccal tablets show fine reproducibility and stability.
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Oroxylum indicum (family: Bignoniaceae) or Broken bones tree, which is distributed throughout India and South East Asia. Oroxylum indicum is known by such regional names as Bhatghila, Tona, Bhut-vriksha, Shyonaka, and Hanyu pinyin. Over the past two decades, many reports have appeared in mainstream scientific journals describing its nutritional and medicinal properties. While much of this recent enthusiasm indeed appears to be justified, it is critical to separate rigorous scientific evidence from anecdote. The present review provides the complete information about literatures of Oroxylum indicum as botanical descriptions, vernacular names, biological activity of plant parts, ethanomedicinal uses and current status of research with scope of investigation of Oroxylum indicum for future research. The structures of twenty eight isolated compounds from different parts of Oroxylum indicum with IUPAC names, molecular formula, formula weight, melting points were also reported in this study.
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Background: Shyonaka (Oroxylum indicum Vent.; Bignoniaceae) root bark is one of the ingredients of dashamoola (a group of 10 roots), and is used for its anti‑inflammatory and analgesic action in a number of compound formulations in Ayurveda. Aim: Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India (API) recommends using the stem bark instead of root bark. Material and Methods: An attempt has been made to study the anti‑inflammatory activity of both root bark and stem bark kashaya (decoction) experimentally. Conclusion: Results showed significant anti-inflammatory activity of root bark and stem bark decoction.
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This study demonstrated that in vitro, flavonoids from Oroxylum indicum stimulated the hydrolyzing reaction of alpha-chymotrypsin on casein. The stimulative level was dependent on time exposure and concentration of the flavonoids. In vivo, Oroxylum indicum's flavonoids had anti-inflammatory effects in dextran-induced oedema of mouse paw. When Oroxylum indicum's flavonoids were combined with alpha-chymotrypsin, their anti-inflammatory activity was increased. The successful combination between flavonoids from Oroxylum indicum and alpha - CT contributed to study anti-inflammatory effect of flavonoid and alpha - CT. It may be necessary to further study on traditional and modern anti-inflammatory medication in combination with anti-inflammatory enzyme
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Flavonoids , Inflammation , Pharmaceutical PreparationsABSTRACT
Objective To establish an HPLC-ESI-MS method for simultaneous analysis and determination of flavone in the seeds of Oroxylum indicum.Methods The separation was performed by Hypersil C_(18) column(250 mm?4.6 mm,5 ?m) with a mobile phase of formic acid aqueous solution(A) and acetonitrile(B) 0.5%.The flow rate was 1.0 mL/min and detection wavelength was at 195-400 nm.The samples were analyzed in positive mode.Results Six flavones in the seeds of O.indicum could be separated in one run.Baicalin,chrysin-7-glucuronide, oroxylin A,and baicalin-7-O-glucoside had been tentatively (identified) by ESI-MS and reference data.Conclusion Besides quantification of the components,this new method surpasses previously published ones in product quality control with accurate and rapid advantage,and provides the HPLC chromatographic fingerprints of biological active components in the seeds of O.indicum.